ecryptfs
From https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedPrivateDirectory
These articles will also be useful:
Note
The instructions below will probably work if you use a password to log in.
Install:
sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils
ecryptfs-setup-private
Enter your login password, and either choose a mount pass phrase or generate one.
Note
Record both pass phrases in a safe location!!! They will be required if you ever have to recover your data manually.
Log out… log back in…
USB Memory Stick
Make a folder on the USB device e.g:
mkdir /media/patrick/pny8gb/Private
Initialise the encrypted file system:
Tip
Make sure the USB device is mounted before running the following.
sudo mount -t ecryptfs /media/patrick/pny8gb/Private /media/patrick/pny8gb/Private
# enter your sudo password (the first time)
# enter the 'Passphrase' and then accept all default options
Unmount:
sudo umount -l /media/patrick/pny8gb/Private