Distribution
Links
Usage
lsb_release -a
Three different methods:
cat /proc/version
cat /etc/issue
dmesg | head
Debian
Debian 7.0 (wheezy)
Debian 6.0 (squeeze)
Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny)
Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 (etch)
cat /etc/debian_version